House Research Department
Updated: October 2008
Low-Power Vehicles
Page 5
Low-Power Vehicle Types and Regulations
Motorized vehicles are not usually subject to state regulation while they are being operated on
private land, including private driveways. However, once they venture onto streets, roads, and
even alleys they are subject to state, and in some places local, regulations. With the introduction
of motorized foot scooters and neighborhood electric vehicles, recent changes in Minnesota law
have expanded the assortment of vehicles that can be operated on public roadways. This section
describes the basic classifications of different low-power vehicles under Minnesota law, outlines
their legal definitions and general characteristics, and provides an overview of regulatory
provisions for each.
Golf Carts and Four-Wheel ATVs
Classifications1
Golf carts are not specifically defined in statute. They were
originally manufactured for use on golf courses, but their variety
and uses have increased. The vehicle usually seats two to four
people and can be powered by an electric or gasoline engine
ranging from under 4 to over 20 horsepower. Vehicle weight can
go from 500 to over 2,000 pounds. Top speed is typically less
than 20 miles per hour. Some models can go up to 25 miles per
hour and may be considered a neighborhood electric vehicle or
medium-speed electric vehicle under Minnesota law.
For purposes of limited use by permit on public roads, four-wheel
all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) are defined in statute as a motorized
flotation-tired vehicle with four tires and an engine displacement
of no more than 800 cc, weighing less than 600 pounds. Minn.
for on-road use, they generally must be registered with the
Department of Natural Resources (which is not discussed in this
publication).
Regulations
Under most circumstances, both motorized golf carts and ATVs are not titled or registered with
the Department of Public Safety and cannot ordinarily be operated on public roads. However,
Minnesota law does allow local units of government, such as counties and cities, to authorize
both motorized golf carts and certain four-wheel ATVs to use streets and highways under their
Operation of golf carts and certain four-wheel ATVs can be allowed via a
Registration
subd. 1. The Minnesota Department of Transportation cannot issue the
1
